Caliphate: The Arab Conquest

In this programme Chris Wickham of Oxford University and Hugh Kennedy of SOAS talk about the Arab conquest of the Middle East.

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In this programme we talk to two distinguished academics, Chris Wickham of Oxford University and Hugh Kennedy of SOAS about the Arab conquest of the Middle East and the rule of the first Caliphs.

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Currency	USD/unit	units/USD	Gold nisab	Silver nisab (non-Hanafis)	Silver nisab (Hanafis)
AED	0.27	3.67	13430.77	1254.00	1290.59
AFN	0.01	66.98	244914.75	22867.12	23534.30
ALL	0.01	127.90	467705.85	43668.61	44942.71
ARS	0.06	15.51	56705.84	5294.49	5448.97
AUD	0.76	1.31	4781.73	446.46	459.49
BBD	0.50	2.00	7313.34	682.83	702.75
BDT	0.01	79.81	291838.98	27248.33	28043.34
BGN	0.54	1.84	6743.12	629.59	647.96
BHD	2.65	0.38	1378.60	128.72	132.47
BMD	1.00	1.00	3656.67	341.41	351.38
BRL	0.32	3.11	11370.45	1061.63	1092.61
BSD	1.00	1.00	3656.67	341.41	351.38
CAD	0.77	1.31	4776.85	446.00	459.02
CHF	0.99	1.01	3676.80	343.29	353.31
CLP	0.00	643.45	2352885.41	219683.45	226093.04
CNY	0.15	6.88	25166.18	2349.71	2418.26
COP	0.00	2871.84	10501369.64	980488.50	1009095.70
CRC	0.00	553.07	2022395.59	188826.38	194335.67
CYP	1.81	0.55	2019.29	188.54	194.04
CZK	0.04	25.50	93229.46	8704.62	8958.59
DKK	0.14	7.02	25657.57	2395.59	2465.48
DOP	0.02	47.10	172229.25	16080.65	16549.82
DZD	0.01	110.60	404427.63	37760.47	38862.19
EEK	0.07	14.76	53983.48	5040.31	5187.37
EGP	0.06	17.00	62168.77	5804.55	5973.91
EUR	1.06	0.94	3450.16	322.13	331.53
FJD	0.48	2.07	7561.30	705.98	726.58
GBP	1.25	0.80	2918.84	272.53	280.48
HKD	0.13	7.76	28372.55	2649.08	2726.37
HRK	0.14	7.03	25717.71	2401.20	2471.26
HUF	0.00	290.88	1063668.51	99312.26	102209.84
IDR	0.00	13313.79	48684146.79	4545525.76	4678148.16
ILS	0.27	3.75	13723.69	1281.35	1318.73
INR	0.01	66.96	244867.48	22862.71	23529.76
IQD	0.00	1182.50	4324014.59	403723.20	415502.42
IRR	0.00	32422.50	118558446.59	11069526.91	11392496.64
ISK	0.01	112.86	412691.31	38532.03	39656.26
JMD	0.01	127.99	468017.44	43697.70	44972.65
JOD	1.41	0.71	2586.36	241.48	248.53
JPY	0.01	113.61	415438.08	38788.49	39920.20
KES	0.01	103.60	378831.21	35370.59	36402.58
KRW	0.00	1148.49	4199668.98	392113.34	403553.83
KWD	3.27	0.31	1116.78	104.27	107.31
KZT	0.00	322.66	1179861.79	110160.96	113375.06
LBP	0.00	1513.00	5532544.67	516560.85	531632.27
LKR	0.01	150.62	550767.48	51423.88	52924.25
MAD	0.10	10.09	36894.44	3444.75	3545.25
MTL	2.47	0.41	1481.16	138.29	142.33
MUR	0.03	35.37	129336.48	12075.85	12428.18
MXN	0.05	20.34	74367.27	6943.50	7146.09
MYR	0.22	4.45	16272.19	1519.30	1563.62
NGN	0.00	317.50	1160993.35	108399.25	111561.96
NOK	0.12	8.39	30675.85	2864.13	2947.70
NZD	0.72	1.39	5096.85	475.88	489.77
OMR	2.60	0.38	1405.99	131.27	135.10
PEN	0.31	3.26	11935.38	1114.38	1146.89
PHP	0.02	49.97	182742.15	17062.21	17560.03
PKR	0.01	104.60	382487.88	35712.01	36753.96
PLN	0.25	4.07	14869.39	1388.32	1428.83
QAR	0.27	3.64	13315.04	1243.19	1279.47
RON	0.24	4.25	15529.82	1449.98	1492.29
RUB	0.02	58.02	212155.77	19808.49	20386.43
SAR	0.27	3.75	13713.62	1280.41	1317.77
SDG	0.16	6.40	23401.60	2184.95	2248.70
SEK	0.11	8.93	32671.61	3050.47	3139.47
SGD	0.70	1.42	5206.55	486.12	500.31
THB	0.03	35.08	128290.47	11978.18	12327.66
TND	0.44	2.29	8360.80	780.63	803.40
TRY	0.27	3.67	13410.19	1252.08	1288.61
TTD	0.15	6.69	24459.48	2283.72	2350.36
TWD	0.03	30.95	113161.37	10565.61	10873.88
USD	1.00	1.00	3656.67	341.41	351.38
VEF	0.10	9.99	36530.15	3410.74	3510.25
VND	0.00	22730.00	83116153.63	7760362.30	7986782.28
XAF	0.00	618.91	2263159.64	211305.96	217471.12
XCD	0.37	2.70	9873.01	921.82	948.72
XDR	1.35	0.74	2703.93	252.46	259.83
XOF	0.00	618.91	2263159.64	211305.96	217471.12
XPD	775.96	0.00	4.71	0.44	0.45
XPF	0.01	112.59	411714.16	38440.79	39562.36
XPT	998.59	0.00	3.66	0.34	0.35
ZAR	0.08	13.33	48738.62	4550.61	4683.38
ZMW	0.10	9.83	35945.09	3356.11	3454.03

Currency

USD/unit

units/USD

Gold nisab

Silver nisab (non-Hanafis)

Silver nisab (Hanafis)

AED

0.27

3.67

13430.77

1254.00

1290.59

AFN

0.01

66.98

244914.75

22867.12

23534.30

ALL

0.01

127.90

467705.85

43668.61

44942.71

ARS

0.06

15.51

56705.84

5294.49

5448.97

AUD

0.76

1.31

4781.73

446.46

459.49

BBD

0.50

2.00

7313.34

682.83

702.75

BDT

0.01

79.81

291838.98

27248.33

28043.34

BGN

0.54

1.84

6743.12

629.59

647.96

BHD

2.65

0.38

1378.60

128.72

132.47

BMD

1.00

3656.67

341.41

351.38

BRL

0.32

3.11

11370.45

1061.63

1092.61

BSD

1.00

3656.67

341.41

351.38

CAD

0.77

1.31

4776.85

446.00

459.02

CHF

0.99

1.01

3676.80

343.29

353.31

CLP

0.00

643.45

2352885.41

219683.45

226093.04

CNY

0.15

6.88

25166.18

2349.71

2418.26

COP

0.00

2871.84

10501369.64

980488.50

1009095.70

CRC

0.00

553.07

2022395.59

188826.38

194335.67

CYP

1.81

0.55

2019.29

188.54

194.04

CZK

0.04

25.50

93229.46

8704.62

8958.59

DKK

0.14

7.02

25657.57

2395.59

2465.48

DOP

0.02

47.10

172229.25

16080.65

16549.82

DZD

0.01

110.60

404427.63

37760.47

38862.19

EEK

0.07

14.76

53983.48

5040.31

5187.37

EGP

0.06

17.00

62168.77

5804.55

5973.91

EUR

1.06

0.94

3450.16

322.13

331.53

FJD

0.48

2.07

7561.30

705.98

726.58

GBP

1.25

0.80

2918.84

272.53

280.48

HKD

0.13

7.76

28372.55

2649.08

2726.37

HRK

0.14

7.03

25717.71

2401.20

2471.26

HUF

0.00

290.88

1063668.51

99312.26

102209.84

IDR

0.00

13313.79

48684146.79

4545525.76

4678148.16

ILS

0.27

3.75

13723.69

1281.35

1318.73

INR

0.01

66.96

244867.48

22862.71

23529.76

IQD

0.00

1182.50

4324014.59

403723.20

415502.42

IRR

0.00

32422.50

118558446.59

11069526.91

11392496.64

ISK

0.01

112.86

412691.31

38532.03

39656.26

JMD

0.01

127.99

468017.44

43697.70

44972.65

JOD

1.41

0.71

2586.36

241.48

248.53

JPY

0.01

113.61

415438.08

38788.49

39920.20

KES

0.01

103.60

378831.21

35370.59

36402.58

KRW

0.00

1148.49

4199668.98

392113.34

403553.83

KWD

3.27

0.31

1116.78

104.27

107.31

KZT

0.00

322.66

1179861.79

110160.96

113375.06

LBP

0.00

1513.00

5532544.67

516560.85

531632.27

LKR

0.01

150.62

550767.48

51423.88

52924.25

MAD

0.10

10.09

36894.44

3444.75

3545.25

MTL

2.47

0.41

1481.16

138.29

142.33

MUR

0.03

35.37

129336.48

12075.85

12428.18

MXN

0.05

20.34

74367.27

6943.50

7146.09

MYR

0.22

4.45

16272.19

1519.30

1563.62

NGN

0.00

317.50

1160993.35

108399.25

111561.96

NOK

0.12

8.39

30675.85

2864.13

2947.70

NZD

0.72

1.39

5096.85

475.88

489.77

OMR

2.60

0.38

1405.99

131.27

135.10

PEN

0.31

3.26

11935.38

1114.38

1146.89

PHP

0.02

49.97

182742.15

17062.21

17560.03

PKR

0.01

104.60

382487.88

35712.01

36753.96

PLN

0.25

4.07

14869.39

1388.32

1428.83

QAR

0.27

3.64

13315.04

1243.19

1279.47

RON

0.24

4.25

15529.82

1449.98

1492.29

RUB

0.02

58.02

212155.77

19808.49

20386.43

SAR

0.27

3.75

13713.62

1280.41

1317.77

SDG

0.16

6.40

23401.60

2184.95

2248.70

SEK

0.11

8.93

32671.61

3050.47

3139.47

SGD

0.70

1.42

5206.55

486.12

500.31

THB

0.03

35.08

128290.47

11978.18

12327.66

TND

0.44

2.29

8360.80

780.63

803.40

TRY

0.27

3.67

13410.19

1252.08

1288.61

TTD

0.15

6.69

24459.48

2283.72

2350.36

TWD

0.03

30.95

113161.37

10565.61

10873.88

USD

1.00

3656.67

341.41

351.38

VEF

0.10

9.99

36530.15

3410.74

3510.25

VND

0.00

22730.00

83116153.63

7760362.30

7986782.28

XAF

0.00

618.91

2263159.64

211305.96

217471.12

XCD

0.37

2.70

9873.01

921.82

948.72

XDR

1.35

0.74

2703.93

252.46

259.83

XOF

0.00

618.91

2263159.64

211305.96

217471.12

XPD

775.96

0.00

4.71

0.44

0.45

XPF

0.01

112.59

411714.16

38440.79

39562.36

XPT

998.59

0.00

3.66

0.34

0.35

ZAR

0.08

13.33

48738.62

4550.61

4683.38

ZMW

0.10

9.83

35945.09

3356.11

3454.03

Caliphate: The Arab Conquest

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